Từ vựng TOEIC sản xuất, kho vận, mua hàng cho người nhà máy

Nếu bạn làm ở nhà máy, kho vận hay phòng mua hàng, đây là chủ đề vừa giúp thi TOEIC vừa dùng được ngay hôm sau. Part 3–4 hay có hội thoại về giao hàng trễ, đơn hàng sai, máy hỏng. Part 7 hay có đơn đặt hàng, hóa đơn, thông báo bảo trì. Bài này gom khoảng 60 từ theo bốn nhóm, kèm mẫu câu báo cáo sự cố trên dây chuyền.

1. Sản xuất và chất lượng

Từ / cụm	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
manufacture / manufacturer	sản xuất / nhà sản xuất	We manufacture auto parts.
plant / facility	nhà máy, cơ sở	The new plant will open in May.
assembly line / production line	dây chuyền lắp ráp / sản xuất	Line 3 stopped for an hour.
output / capacity	sản lượng / công suất	The plant is running at full capacity.
raw materials	nguyên vật liệu	The cost of raw materials has risen.
component / part	linh kiện	We are waiting for some components.
defect / defective	lỗi / bị lỗi	The defect rate fell to 0.5%.
inspect / inspection	kiểm tra	All units are inspected before shipping.
quality control (QC) / quality assurance (QA)	kiểm soát / đảm bảo chất lượng	She works in quality control.
specifications (specs)	thông số kỹ thuật	The parts don't meet our specifications.
malfunction / break down	trục trặc / hỏng	The conveyor broke down this morning.
repair / fix	sửa chữa	The technician is repairing the machine.
operate / operator	vận hành / người vận hành	Only trained staff may operate the forklift.
safety regulations / procedures	quy định / quy trình an toàn	Follow the safety procedures at all times.
protective equipment / gear	đồ bảo hộ	Wear protective gear in this area.
efficiency / productivity	hiệu suất / năng suất	The new system improved productivity.

2. Kho và vận chuyển

Từ / cụm	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
warehouse / storage	kho / lưu kho	The goods are kept in our warehouse.
inventory / stock	hàng tồn kho	We do an inventory check every month.
in stock / out of stock	còn hàng / hết hàng	That model is currently out of stock.
shipment / shipping	lô hàng / việc vận chuyển	The shipment left the port yesterday.
deliver / delivery	giao hàng	Delivery takes three to five business days.
dispatch / ship out	xuất hàng đi	Your order was dispatched this morning.
freight	hàng hóa vận chuyển, cước	Freight charges are included.
carrier / courier	hãng vận chuyển / chuyển phát	We use a local courier.
tracking number	mã theo dõi đơn hàng	Here is your tracking number.
load / unload	chất hàng / dỡ hàng	The workers are unloading a truck.
pallet / crate / carton	pallet / thùng gỗ / thùng giấy	Boxes are stacked on pallets.
be delayed / delay	bị trễ / sự chậm trễ	The delivery was delayed by the storm.
on schedule / on time	đúng tiến độ / đúng giờ	Everything arrived on time.

Nhóm từ "load, stack, pallet, forklift, crate" xuất hiện rất nhiều trong Part 1 (tranh kho bãi). Ví dụ: Some boxes have been stacked on a pallet. A man is operating a forklift.

3. Mua hàng và đặt hàng

Từ / cụm	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
purchase / purchasing	mua / bộ phận mua hàng	Purchasing approved the order.
supplier / vendor	nhà cung cấp	We're looking for a new supplier.
place an order	đặt hàng	I'd like to place an order for 500 units.
purchase order (PO)	đơn đặt hàng	Please include the PO number.
quote / quotation / estimate	báo giá	Could you send us a quote?
in bulk / bulk order	mua số lượng lớn	We offer discounts on bulk orders.
unit price	đơn giá	The unit price is $4.50.
minimum order	số lượng đặt tối thiểu	The minimum order is 1,000 pieces.
lead time	thời gian chờ giao hàng	The lead time is about four weeks.
back order / backordered	đơn chờ hàng về	Item 42 is on back order.

4. Khi có vấn đề

Từ / cụm	Nghĩa	Ví dụ
damaged	bị hư hại	Two boxes arrived damaged.
missing	bị thiếu	Some items are missing from the shipment.
wrong item / incorrect	sai hàng	We received the wrong item.
replace / replacement	thay / hàng thay thế	We'll send a replacement right away.
refund	hoàn tiền	You can request a full refund.
exchange	đổi hàng	Can I exchange it for a larger size?
warranty / guarantee	bảo hành	The machine has a two-year warranty.
recall	thu hồi sản phẩm	The company recalled 10,000 units.

Mẫu câu báo cáo sự cố trên dây chuyền

• Line 2 has been down since 10 A.M. because of a sensor problem.
• We found a scratch defect on about 3% of today's units.
• The root cause seems to be a worn-out tool.
• We've stopped the line and quarantined the affected parts.
• The maintenance team expects to fix it by 2 P.M.
• I'll update you as soon as production resumes.

Paraphrase hay gặp

Trong bài	Trong đáp án
The forklift broke down again.	A vehicle needs repairs.
We've run out of those cartridges.	An item is not in stock.
The truck got stuck in traffic.	A delivery will be late.
Can you give me a price for 200 units?	The speaker requests an estimate.
Half of the boxes were crushed.	Some merchandise was damaged.

Đoạn đọc kiểu Part 7

Dear Mr. Hoang,

Thank you for your order of 2,000 plastic housings (PO #5521). Unfortunately, one of our molding machines malfunctioned last week, so we can only ship 1,200 units on May 10 as scheduled. The remaining 800 units will be dispatched by May 17. To apologize for the inconvenience, we will cover the freight charges for the second shipment. Please let me know if this arrangement is acceptable.

Best regards,
Kim Su-jin, Sales Department, Daehan Plastics